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Bloodborne Pathogens are microorganisms in blood that may cause disease in humans. *The purpose of a vaccination is to prevent an infection by causing active immunity. Salmonella is the name of a group of bacteria that causes the infection salmonellosis. become plasma cells. A Mononucleosis *Hay fever is a hypersensitivity. The larval form of Schistosoma mansoni uses a __________ to help it gain entry through intact skin. Does the Earth really go around the Sun? - produces protease. Two types of toxins are hemolysins and leukocidins. ", "The use of gloves does not eliminate the need for proper and regular hand washing. active neutral, passive Which of the following is an example of a noncommunicable infectious disease? True or false: Section: 07.03, Cytotoxic T cells contain what type of molecules that punch holes in the plasma membranes of potential pathogens? 3. *IgM antibodies are the first produced by a plasma cell. An employee, who has an occupational exposure potential with blood or OPIM, does not need to notify their supervisor as to the existence of an open sore. <>>> False, True - it is an opportunistic pathogen *Certain complement proteins involved in the membrane attack complex kill foreign microbes by causing them to burst. A . You have recently identified a new toxin. B. leprosy-is a Mycobacterium leprae (a slow growing bacteria) #CarryOnLearning. Section: 07.04, The RhoGAM shot given to Rh negative mothers with an Rh positive fetus is an example of what type of immunity? 11. *:Q ]+]lroYQ-Q$2B&qQ1pLOQ;tg# . Some have glycans on their surface which the immune system fails to recognize. A(n) __________ pathogen causes disease only when conditions are favorable for the microorganism because of transfer to an inappropriate body site or weakened immunity in an individual. They release histamine which causes blood vessels to become permeable. This category is best described by which of the following? HCG D Viruses, Which childhood disease causes infantile paralysis? A Protozoans what is the function of human lymphatic system? Symptoms of a disease are subjective and are reported by the patient. C Athlete's foot and ringworm Kochs postulates are used to determine whether a particular microorganism is a pathogen. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). - 12838571. alexis1713 alexis1713 06/18/2019 Health Middle School answered Which of the following is a nonspecific defense against pathogens? which of the following is a pathogen, risk is often presented as _____, which is a measure of the statistical likelihood that something will occur, generally speaking, as economic development occurs, the risk of exposure to indoor air pollution _____, and the impact . A. a surface protein allowing the pathogen to bind to host cells B. a secondary host the pathogen can infect C. a surface protein the host immune system recognizes D. the ability to form a provirus A 10. True or false: innate Which pathogen is most virulent? basophils What is the name of the lymphatic vessels located in the small intestines? *Allergic responses are hypersensitivities (greater sensitivities). period of illness = the time at which the signs and symptoms of disease are most obvious and severe. memory cell Candida can invade tissue by producing the exoenzymes __________ and __________. They cause an inflammatory response that kills pathogenic bacteria upon contact. When stung by a bee, Jackie goes into anaphylactic shock. *The acquired defense system will also recognize cancer cells with abnormal membrane proteins and destroy them. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Bloodborne diseases are most commonly spread through mother-to-child transmission, unprotected sex, and:, Which of the following describes proper use of PPE to safeguard against exposure to bloodborne pathogens?, If you are exposed to a bloodborne pathogen while at work, your employer must offer you post-exposure evaluation and . 26. is part of the inflammatory response. Myasthenia gravis develops when antibodies attach to and interfere with the function of neuromuscular junctions. Draw the Lewis structure for each of the following molecules: Section: 07.02, Monocytes become what type of cell in the tissue? The bacterium is probably which of the following? possess specific receptors. What does this mean for the movement of this chemical through the environment? pain *The inflammatory response occurs after the pathogen has entered the body. A) Anton van Leeuwenhoek B) Louis Pasteur C) Robert Koch . -The use of Personal complement tonsils and bone marrow, thymus and bone marrow Eleanor Noss Whitney, Ellie Whitney, Frances Sizer, DIET200 Chapter 4: Digestion and Absorption. A) alveolar macrophage - lungs B) microglial cells - brain Which of the following is a nonspecific defense against pathogens? stream Therefore, it causes breaks in the skin that could serve as a portal of entry for pathogens. phagocytosis ______________ include cells from humans, animals, plants, protozoa, fungi, and most algae. Explain\text{\red{Explain}}Explain Why are hypotheses so important to controlled experiments? Describe the virulence factors associated with the fungal pathogen Aspergillus. The thymus cleanses the blood from the cardiovascular system of cellular debris and bacteria. B Chicken Pox 3 0 obj IgG antibodies bind to pathogens, activate the compliment and enhance phagocytosis. What type of response is this? A bacterial infection called lyme disease is spread by what? a form of immune deficiency, anything the immune system recognizes as foreign to the body Cytokines are being investigated for a possible treatment of which disease? In Model 1 a pathogen (virus, bacteria, foreign protein, parasite) has entered the bloodstream of an individual. {H(Iq4fU{dwYVH@hi!XM!9/fiTxUyf+0v Aq]e;-yTzY7&#wcYk#Doyiclr"c!C 4 0 obj Molecular Kochs postulates are used to determine what genes contribute to a pathogens ability to cause disease. Which of the following is NOT a pathogen? If it were positive, the site of the test would become hardened and red. OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Quiz 4: The OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Noise b. 2. Section: 07.02. A person steps on a rusty nail and develops tetanus. toxic shock syndrome has been assiciated witht the use of what? antigen binds to BCR; B cell activated; B cell divides; plasma cells form Which of the following is not a lymphatic organ? Period of decline = pathogen particles start to decline - slightly less than maximum A) the sticking of monocytes to the wall of the blood vessels at the site of infection. This allowed Streptococcus, a bacterium normally present in the mouth, to gain access to the blood. As a result, the patient developed bacterial endocarditis (an infection of the heart). eqR)BZZt[A IgE Section: 07.02. He has a fever of 38 C (100.4 F) and complains of nausea and a constant migraine. Which of the following is not a bloodborne pathogen? bacteria The following is not a defense mechanism for infectious disease: A mucous membranes. What are pathogens? D Protozoan, Unit 7: Alcohol, Drugs and Tobacco Awareness, Honors English III Final Exam- Vocab and Rhet, Spanish Exam Speaking Questions and Answers, Dutton's Orthopaedic: Examination, Evaluation and Intervention. In this context, this means Bloodborne pathogens are: -Viruses and bacteria -micro-organisms -Carried in the blood -Transmitted by other potentially infectious materials Which of the following is NOT considered a bloodborne pathogen? HBV is known to have survived in dried blood for up to ____ days and pose a serious risk of exposure during that time. They use up nutrients and release wastes, preventing pathogenic bacteria from gaining a foothold. A(n) __________ infection is a small region of infection from which a pathogen may move to another part of the body to establish a second infection. Which of the following is NOT considered a bloodborne pathogen? Or is it also valid to say that the Sun goes around the Earth? BCR B Fungi 19. Section: 07.02, In SCID, antibodies are missing but T cells function normally. Signs of a disease are objective and are measured. Discuss in view of the relativity principle (that there is no best reference frame). Section: 07.03, People with allergies do not produce IgE. During an oral surgery, the surgeon nicked the patients gum with a sharp instrument. A Mononucleosis (b) Would the toxin be able to cause diarrhea? histamine *Lymphocytes are produced in the bone marrow and T lymphocytes travel to the thymus to mature. Explain how helminths evade the immune system. You have recently identified a new toxin. Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans. Any substance that the white blood cells recognize as foreign is known as what? Multiple Choice. CINO2CINO_2CINO2 (NNN is the central atom), a harmful condition that is spread from one living thing to another. IgE, IgM Section: 07.03, What two sites are involved in the production and maturation of T lymphocytes? Who is not at high risk for contracting MRSA? Which of the following pathogens undergoes antigenic variation to avoid immune defenses? They are both forms of neutral immunity. (a) How are these toxins similar? Which of the following is the most likely explanation? This mutation affects the A-subunit, preventing it from interacting with any host protein. On encountering the pathogen, B-cells differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies into our blood. These cells provide two types of acquired immunity: 1. Simple one-celled organisms that are the most powerful pathogens are what? AIDS is associated with the destruction of the white blood cells in the body. True *IgM antibodies activate the complement and clump cells. Describe the motion of air particles inside an inflated balloon. <> Two types of toxins are hemolysins and leukocidins. The concentration of pathogen needed to kill 50% of an infected group of test animals is the __________. B Measles How many people die each year from HCV related liver failure? all of the following are common viginal infections except? Huma immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is considered which type of virus? Neglect rolling friction. neutrophils and macrophages *The Major Histocompatibility Complex antigens must match to avoid rejection of the transplant. Which of the following is an example of a noncommunicable infectious disease? *True, cytokines are produced by T lymphocytes, macrophages, and other cells. This page titled 15.E: Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity (Exercises) is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by OpenStax via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. Which of the following is a major virulence factor for the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus? steroid Check all that apply Activation or inactivation of host cell DNA Binding to RNAs that silence genes Affect host cell DNA that is responsible for cytoskeleton organization Exchange of capsule genes between pathogen and host cell Secretion of . Section: 07.04, Cytokines assist in regulating white blood cell formation. Viruses are treated with antibiotics. a. Feces and urine c. Amniotic fluid b. Fluid surrounding heart and lungs d. A 150 g copper bowl contains 220 g of water, both at 20.0^\circC. Nb['hm is composed of normal flora. Section: 07.04, Before working at the hospital, Beth was given a Mantoux skin test to detect tuberculosis. Which type of disease is this? They use up nutrients and release wastes, preventing pathogenic bacteria from gaining a foothold. 16. produces T and B cells. *The correct order is: antigen binds to BCR; B cell activated; B cell divides; plasma cells form. 20. *"Innate" in this context means that these defenses act indiscriminately against all pathogens. a vaccination. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). You also discover that it targets liver cells. *Active immunity involves making your own antibodies against an antigen, whether it is introduced via an infection or a vaccination. Bacterial toxins include endotoxin and exotoxins. )IAjBhX3d_FXLM5[7w ;crmYzw=4+7+ts37m?FW`4Tm*;`BGAQx ."VE1 How can normal flora be a barrier to entry? True basophils and macrophages The concentration of pathogen needed to kill 50% of an infected group of test animals is the __________. If racing at sea level, find the velocity this cyclist can maintain. True A disease causing organism is called at what? Which of the following is a pathogen that could not be identified by the original Koch's postulates? 2 Q One-celled plants and animals are called: unicells. ____ 1. The larval form of Schistosoma mansoni uses a __________ to help it gain entry through intact skin. Acupuncture is a form of alternative medicine that is used for pain relief. You have recently identified a new toxin. In what position would you place a client in suspected hypovolemic shock? q"]dg' ~2CqfR Z:+ C2'\&zQH4U^;D},}y 7HhTKy/5z'/wj\jB}H+Dzzke/}^bTY9bH]K0mY&0 j0#\0p(-&T"vUYIAcD+Hdb->[[~@+u@*i!VI7kiT.&S6dI&ezre^Zm;U;-)oR.s. ~s9(kB4)a26;]DP/>EahC_6KaKfho s2Lr`P(L"eG5dM|cGzU\BVszPdQj-XT2%dsg*fs9]XG%ZZ4cCzaOOzdivV> swelling i0g:M&$"w I4EBKLVE^Jqrv>A5N\ inflammatory response, inflammatory response The length of each rod is about the same: assume 55cm55 \mathrm{~cm}55cm. 15. 15: Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity, { "15.01:_Characteristics_of_Infectious_Diseases" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "15.02:_How_Pathogens_Cause_Disease" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "15.03:_Virulence_Factors" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "15.04:_Aseptic_Techniques" : "property get [Map 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a contaminated needle, a surface protein allowing the pathogen to bind to host cells, a surface protein the host immune system recognizes. Which of the following choices lists the steps of pathogenesis in the correct order? The final temperature of the system is 100^\circC.