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Youve probably observed in your own kitchen how mold will start to grow on food after just a week or two. Most substrates (like sawdust or straw) need to have additional materials added to them to reach this threshold. The calculation uses the weight of all mushrooms harvested from a substrate over multiple flushes. Here are a few important things to keep in mind when choosing a substrate: If you want to skip the learning curve associated with making your own substrate, then check out our ready-to-fruit mushroom substrate blocks, which come fully colonised and ready to grow. Each year, ideal conditions can result in a 1.5 pound yield of mushrooms per log. Or you can create a compost pile out of just used substrate that will naturally decompose and break down into a rich compost over time. Hi Tony, thank you for doing what you are doing. yield per block, there will be around $2,800-$4,200 tied up in cash flow. Whats the typical first flush BE you see (dry weight) for blue oyster and yellow oyster? West Lafayette, IN 47907. However it can be quite effective for growing oyster mushroom species. Simply put, a yield of 1 lb. A mushroom starter kit as a block can be sold for $20 and more. Typically, Oyster mushrooms which grow well on straw, such as Pearl Oysters and Blue Oysters have a high BE. This will yield anywhere from 1-5 pounds of mushrooms, depending on the conditions in which they are grown. These numbers are vastly different in magnitude, but are representing essentially the same thing. Once youve selected the correct substrate youll need to either pasteurize or sterilize it to minimize the risk of mold and bacteria growth. Biological efficiency is calculated by measuring the pounds of fruit produced per pound of the dry substrate over multiple flushes. One reason that true BE is important to understand, however, is because this number is what is commonly reported by spawn producers as a way to grade certain strains of mushrooms. Seal off any drafts using weather-stripping or caulk. I have one question, because Im curious about Blue Oysters efiiciency in 1st flush. The oyster mushroom spawn should be used at a rate of 70 grams per kg compost to obtain a higher yield . There are several methods that you can use to prepare straw substrate. The temperature required for maximum prolificity and growth is between 12-17 oC. Bottless 7 yr. ago. Simply To begin the sterilization process, simply place the materials into the container and submerge in hot water. If you sterilize your substrate this way, youll need to use distilled water to rehydrate it afterward while still keeping it sterile. Now you know how to create an ideal substrate for your mushrooms. Of all the factors involved in trying to maximize yield, choosing agood producing commercial strainis probably the most important. So we have decided to put together a neat little FAQ section that addresses a lot of queries that may crop up along your mushroom growing journey. Most raw substrates already contain these minerals, but this does vary depending on where the material came from. Calculator located at: oneearthmushrooms.comSupport this work directly on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/oneearthmushroomsHave you ever started a mushroom . Particularly king oyster mushrooms, which prefer wood over straw as a substrate. The most important factor in whether you need to sterilize or pasteurize is the nutrition content of the substrate. This kind of Low Tech Mushroom Farm may lead to slightly higher incidents of contamination though. If you're thinking of growing mushrooms commercially, you may want to supplement your substrate to increase the yield of mushrooms. The cost per pound of mushrooms can vary by type. Some varieties of fungi like truffles even prefer to grow on the roots of living trees, which makes them notoriously difficult to grow in a commercial setting. amzn_assoc_ad_type = "smart"; The main exceptions are button, crimini, and portobello mushrooms. It also needs to be large enough to fit large amounts of bulk materials. Types of substrate for mushroom growing: grain, bulk substrate, casing. Here are some types of Oyster mushrooms that have high yield rates: Type of Oyster Mushroom: Time to Fruiting from Inoculation: Pearl: 3-4 weeks: Yellow (also known as Golden) 2-3 weeks: Pink: 3-4 weeks: Blue: . I just started button mushroom plant producing 2ton/day.. you know in 10kg of substrate we produce only 1.7 2kg ofmushroom (17-20%) Do u have any tips/suggestions/ideas to improve the BE.. Alongside this, there is something truly rewarding about seeing your food or supplemental grow from a tiny spec of tissue inside a syringe into a full fruit. easier to source and bulk out your mushroom growing kits. if(window.strchfSettings === undefined) window.strchfSettings = {};window.strchfSettings.stats = {url: "https://mistermemo.storychief.io/en/mushroom-substrate?id=1786563703&type=2",title: "Mushroom Substrate",id: "845dd9c8-36a3-470c-8676-3915d655e1cd"};(function(d, s, id) {var js, sjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if (d.getElementById(id)) {window.strchf.update(); return;}js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id;js.src = "https://d37oebn0w9ir6a.cloudfront.net/scripts/v0/strchf.js";js.async = true;sjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, sjs);}(document, 'script', 'storychief-jssdk')). Most commonly, supplement materials are bran or seed derivatives. One great benefit is that the brewing process pasteurizes the grounds and you can start growing in them pretty much right away. King_Weezer 7 yr. ago. We use cookies on our website to track our websites performance and discover keywords through google analytics. If you use this method, youll want to avoid getting any of the water on your hands or clothes. They may want to add your used substrate to their own compost piles and will let you drop it off for free. Hey! Mushroom grow bag yield. We recommend starting at 5% and working your way up. The mushroom yield is simply the amount of fresh mushroom fruit you can obtain from a growing space and substrate. This depends on several things such as the genetics of the strain your growing, the supplementation provided during growth and the environmental conditions you give the mushroom throughout the growing cycles. MAX YIELD BIN $59.99 $64.99 How To Sterilize Mushroom Substrate Without A Pressure Cooker. We thought it would be helpful to those who do not have access to wood chips. Sterilization involves exposing the substrate to temperatures higher than 250 degrees F and also involves placing the substrate under pressure. After few days when the Cardboard is a good substrate for beginners who are just getting started with growing mushrooms at home. What is the mushroom yield per pound of substrate? Yield was calculated as weight (kg) of mushrooms produced per kilogram of substrate. START GROWING-8% OFF. 1 x colonized 10 pound block (produces 3-5 pounds of mushrooms) Grain Spawn: 1 x 6 pound bag of grain spawn; See our article How To Set Up A Low Tech Mushroom Farm for a full guide. Generally speaking, you should be looking to avoid soft wood. Your substrate needs to have 1 to 2 percent nitrogen. Average weight yield was highest in saw dust substrate (10.2g) with total yield (980g) and least average weight (7.5g) and total yield (105g) in sawdust and poultry litters substrate. Which is something that you can apply to your mushroom kit mix recipe. 51-100 kits: $17 per kit. (756) 494 - 8490. There are a few advantages of having a mix of substrates: Below we will go through some popular substrate recipes for specific mushroom species. Step 3: Innoculate your sterilized spawn with liquid culture. Re: Yield per pound of substrate [Re: LucyDream25] #20210696 - 07/01/14 10:25 PM (8 years, 7 months ago) Anywhere between 0 and 120g dry. This ratio will give you a 100% greater mushroom yield; however, it will also give you the greatest chance of contamination . I ordered rye grain bags from Midwest Grow Kits and I also ordered a spore syringe to inoculate the bags. Vermiculite is a yellowish-brown mineral thats used to retain moisture and is also widely available at garden centers everywhere. You can expect anywhere from 2-7 grams of mushrooms per cake per flush. Its available for sale in most garden stores. It can be purchased at farm stores or most places where you can find animal feed or bedding. We can offer wholesale rates if you are interested in a minimum purchase of 20 blocks of the same mushroom species. Prepare the substrate. KING OYSTER B.E. the different types of mushroom substrates, specific mushroom substrate recipes for edible mushroom varieties, and. Some gardeners have suggested spreading it over the top of newly seeded lawn to help with germination, as well as protect prevent birds from feeding on the seed. In doing so, the mushrooms will fruit for longer periods of time and more consistently, rather than big flushes of mushrooms. Then add one pound of water. amzn_assoc_linkid = "5586c5f788caf52a2685f6d01f20d48f"; Logs are often used to grow shiitake and other varieties of mushrooms outdoors. For more information on the rest of the mushroom growing process, check out How To Grow Mushrooms: The Ultimate Guide. For bigger batches you can use a large spoon or even a shovel depending on how much substrate youre working with. Here is the process we follow for our making our master's mix for our production blocks. Should it be more than that? You will be able to recognize this stage because you will see thin white threads spreading all over the substrate, which can easily be mistaken for mold. That being said, it is sometimes better to go for a larger yield on the first flush, and future flushes may have diminishing returns. As weve alluded to throughout this guide, different kinds of substrates are best suited to different mushroom species. bag of compost. You may find that the yield for your mushrooms can vary wildly between flushes, which are why using the total yield is a better indicator of performance. Shiitake. . A few other species of mushrooms like shiitake may grow on coffee grounds as well, but might not produce as good of a harvest compared to growing on hardwood. Some species of mushrooms like oyster mushrooms are very aggressive and can colonize a wide variety of materials. 1oz dry per lb of grain on the first flush if everything goes well. A mushroom substrate is a material that mushroom mycelium can grow and establish itself in. These include your fruiting conditions, the type of mushroom you're growing, humidity, ventilation, etc. If youve been growing mushrooms for any length of time, youll soon end up with big piles of spent substrate. One reason we believe why they have been diverging from the norm, is because hobby mushroom farmers use smaller kits and can afford to use different organic materials. All the best with your farm! You should be able to get 100% B.E. Some of your spent substrate can also be used to inoculate a new batch of substrate. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. (It's the equivalent of seeds for mushroom growers). Which means you can usually pick it up for free (or extremely cheap). Diversified Farming and Food Systems. Yield per pound of substrate is low when compared to other psilocybin containing mushrooms for both indoor and outdoor cultivation. (These contain a lot of carbon, which is the main food source for your mycelium.) If you are an absolute beginner I would advise starting with brown rice flour and following a method similar to one I posted on how to grow lions mane at home and grow straight out from the jar. . This includes putting your substrate in an oven or autoclave. By its very nature, its already teeming full of bacteria and microbial life. Hey Ben! Both pasteurizing and sterilizing substrate involve heating up the substrate in an attempt to destroy existing bacteria or fungi, but pasteurization heats substrate up to 185 degrees F, while sterilizing exposes the substrate to temperatures higher than 250 degrees F. The purpose of pasteurization is to get the substrate fairly contaminate-free and gives any mushroom culture that you introduce a good head-start. Lions Mane: 1Lb per 5lbs substrate block: Reishi: 1lb per 5lbs substrate block: Shiitake: 2lb per 5lbs substrate block: Yellow Oyster: 3lb per 5lb . 2 tons per day is a lot of mushrooms! The strain you choose for your grow can have a huge impact on yield. Due to the elevated levels of some nutrients that assist in the growth of mushooms, we also suggest ageing your spent mushroom substrate in an area of the garden, BEFORE spreading it around on your prized garden flora. :100-150% Yield: 6 8 lbs from a 25 lb straw log, up to 2.5 lbs from a supplemented sawdust fruiting block. Adding bran means the whole mixture needs to be pasteurized or sterilized. However when youre just learning how to make mushroom substrate, we recommend sticking with a single substrate to begin with until you can produce a consistent harvest. A mushroom log can be used to grow mushrooms at home. How To Make A Casing Layer For Growing Mushrooms. Do You Have To Sterilize Mushroom Substrate? Hopefully by now you have a good idea of what type of mushroom substrate you are going to use for your mushroom grow kit. grow in a substrate composed of 100% straw, How To Grow Mushrooms On Logs: The Ultimate Guide, flushes of mushrooms from your compost pile, How To Grow Mushrooms: The Ultimate Guide, How To Grow Oyster Mushrooms: The Ultimate Step By Step Guide. You need to find your sweet spot. (Some mushrooms, like oyster mushrooms, can tolerate a PH up to about 8.). Pink Oysters mushrooms are one of the easiest species to grow. Other species of mushrooms that can grow on straw include agaricus species, wine cap (also known as garden giant), shaggy mane and enoki. The best efficiency of log conversion reported is 33% of the log's dry weight into mushrooms over several years. When you choose to pick your mushrooms obviously has a huge effect on overall yield and biological efficiency. Some large commercial growers will even process their mushroom substrate and sell it as compost to home gardeners. One reason that we prefer to pasteurize instead of ferment is that this technique quite literally stinks. Some species like oyster mushrooms can grow on a wide range of substrates including straw or even cardboard. Growing on cardboard is so simple that you dont really need a recipe. Ensure high yield with the Best Mushroom Growing Kits. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". So youve decided you want to move beyond the pre-produced grow kits and follow the process of growing gourmet mushrooms from start to finish? For example, if you can only source small amounts of straw, you can add waste coffee grounds or peat moss to bulk it out. Wait until the bulk substrate is engulfed in the white Mycelium and your substrate is completely covered white. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. However, since the Garden Bench Top is designed for the home gardener, we will be focusing on budget friendly methods that is accessible to all levels of green thumbs. Heat pasteurization will kill off most . Meanwhile animals and even humans will eat grains because theyre full of nutrition. Agaricus Mushroom Area in Production and Yield - States and United States: 2018-2019, 2019-2020, How To Use A Pressure Cooker For Mushroom Cultivation. of dry substrate is considered to be 100% Biological Efficiency. Some are fairly conventional while others are a bit newer and more experimental. exploring the role of substrate in the mushroom growing cycle. Hey Ella! Please, reply if you could! Some home mushroom cultivators also like to mix different textured peat to encourage varying growth patterns in the mushroom growth cycle. When youre fermenting, youll need to predict what your substrate needs will be a week or more out. King Oyster Mushrooms harvested at different stages of growth. YELLOW OYSTER B.E. If you contact local coffee shops, they will often save their spent coffee grounds and give them to you for free. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. The thing about wood chips is you want to be particular about the type of wood you select. Once that is ready, the substrate needs to be sterilized or pasteurized. This works by providing the mycelium with a larger nutritional base in which to support stronger mycelium and produce larger, healthier fruits. That is basically the amount of water the substrate can hold without extra water pooling at the bottom. To successfully grow mushrooms, youll need to make sure that youre using the correct substrate. How much psilocybin mushrooms could be harvested from 1 cake in average? Reddit or eBay can also be a good source but make sure the seller has good reviews and you have exhausted other avenues first. I heard that the one pound of water and 2pounds of grain and go right into the PC without a soak works. Others prefer wood-based substrates. Of course, be sure to wash your hands thoroughly before you begin and consider wearing a pair of disposable gloves. Put simply, mushroom yield is the amount of fresh mushrooms you can produce with your space, substrate and other constraints. Lion's mane is a particularly hardy strain to grow and can fruit with non-ideal conditions. Just as mushroom cultivation was finding new audiences, the rise of online forums began transforming the practice. Besides selecting a substrate to use, deciding when its appropriate to either pasteurize or sterilize the material is another important part in learning how to make mushroom substrate. It might not seem like a very appealing habitat to humans. of mushrooms Spawn costs are .50 to $1 per pound of mushroom. But as you get more proficient at growing mushrooms- and especially if you want toturn your hobby into a business you should be increasingly concerned about how many mushrooms you can grow with the substrate you have. Start by cutting your straw into three or four-inch pieces. Thanks so much, very glad that you like the site , Hi, May you please name some of the effective suppliments to increase the BE Ratio of Ganoderma Lucidium Regards.. Priyanshu Kulshrestha. Collecting strains, expanding them into colonies and eventually fruiting them into mushrooms is a lot of fun, especially if youre a fan of the natural world and biology. frequently asked questions about the raw materials and organic matter. :90-140% Yield:Up to 2.5 lbs from supplemented sawdust fruiting blocks. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. For example, adding manure to hardwood sawdust. Effect of different substrates on the yield of C. indica . So if we consider 500-kilo grams as average yield per crop for 9 crops it will be 9 x 500 4 500. While it is languishing in a syringe (minimum for 24 hours) and waiting for inoculation, it's time to take care of the substrate for future magic . We only recommend growing oyster mushrooms on coffee grounds. Water will need to be added to the substrate and it may also need to be amended with extra nutrients. Powered byWPDesigned with the Customizr theme. :80-120% Yield:1.5-2 lbs on a supplemented sawdust fruiting block. Different strains will have different yield characteristics. Below we have listed our favorite recipes for popular mushroom varieties. Yields will be different depending on whether youre using a mss or a clone/ isolate and the size of the tub. Once colonization is completely finished, the entire substrate will be covered in mycelium. Peat moss is one of these mushroom substrates that we highly recommend. You can use this number to predict how many mushrooms you can grow for a given weight of bulk substrate. You dont want to use wood that has been dead or dying for a while already. These are small pieces of wooden dowel that are colonized with mycelium that get hammered into the holes. amzn_assoc_search_bar = "true"; Choosing your substrate comes down to a few choices: If you want to grow a wide range of gourmet mushrooms on a commercial scale and are okay with investing more time and money, look toward supplemented materials and having a method to steam and sterilize the materials. Ezmushroom.com is a participant in several affiliate marketing and advertising programmes designed to provide a means for the site to earn advertising fees. If youre a farmer with lots of space then its easy to dispose of used substrate on your own. While thats an ideal environment for mushrooms, its also the ideal conditions for other things like mold and bacteria to grow. Common mushrooms species grown on straw substrate are: Oyster / King Oyster. Your lids should look like this. The highest yield was in this research achieved at a spawn rate of 6-7%. Spore syringes have a lower yield but more different mushroom genetics. First off, you'll need to get your mushroom grain spawn colonizing so it can be used in your monotub. All you need to do is layer the mushroom between layers of damp cardboard and mycelium will start to grow. If youre asking yourself What is the best mushroom substrate? Unfortunately we dont have one catch-all answer that applies to every situation. In this case the BE would be 105% (2lbs/1.9lbs), and the wet-weight efficiency is 40% (2lbs/4lbs). This is a reason these strains are often described as forgiving. But once you supplement it with another material that makes it easier for mold or bacteria to grow, sterilization becomes necessary. This might leave you asking yourself What can I do with an old mushroom substrate? The most common choice for mushroom growers is to compost it. But since its made of partially-digested food, it makes an easy food source for all kinds of different lifeforms. Packed with all the mushrooms you need. The biological yield (BY) is defined as the yield per block without removing the lower hard and dirty portion.. Transactions ASAE. Holes are then sealed with wax to prevent contamination. This is created by adding mixing 50/50 HWSD + Soy Hulls then adding water to 60% hydration ratio. greater nutritional value for the mushroom spores to consume, providing a better foundation for a success flush of mushrooms. Remember that if youre using logs, youll want them to be fairly fresh cut. Pleurotus. The shorter, more mature or dense the compost the less water it should have. Therefore, as you can appreciate, it is an essential part of the growing mushroom process and should be well-considered before you jump into your mushroom farm adventures. Try to find a local website (inside your country) which can provide a spore syringe or liquid culture. Become a VIP for discounts, giveaways and more. Can I just replicate from that agar plate to many and again from many choosing one and replicating. The whole mixture then needs to be sterilized before it can be inoculated with mushroom spawn. Picking mushrooms late will allow for a larger overall yield, but the quality of the mushrooms may be less due to the fruits being past their prime. If you come across a new substrate that we havent discussed here, just ask yourself one question to see if its a material that should be pasteurized or sterilized. So 2 and a half cups of wheat or oat bran can be added to provide extra nutrients for the mycelium. Other species are more particular and will only produce high yields when grown on a specific substrate. (0, 3, and 6 percent of substrate dry weight) on mushroom yield (A) and days to production (B). The following figure 4 shows a clear correlation (0.808) between the spawn rate and the yield. You may be able to dispose of the used substrate in compost bins that get emptied each week. amzn_assoc_title = "My Amazon Picks"; Hi' I'm Tony. Generally speaking, gardeners use perlite as one (of many) components in their garden soil mixes. Since it will be from the same wood source, there is no risk of adding in any contaminants, and it will give the mushroom spores some easy nutrition. But a good rule of thumb to follow is: the longer, greener or more coarse the compost then more moisture it can take. Some mushrooms will even grow on paper. Average kWh's per pound of mushrooms produced for Phase III through harvest Many use chemicals like peroxide or calcium hydroxide, or rely on fermenting the straw for a week or more. Make sure any surfaces that come into contact with your straw, spawn or eventual mushrooms are clean. For full sterilization, a pressure cooker or similar piece of equipment is needed. The purpose here is to give an overview of the process. The Biological Efficiency (B.E.) A good substrate is dense in woody, fibrous materials like lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. Or would 1/2 pound of water and 1/2 pound of of coffee be better? amzn_assoc_ad_mode = "manual"; At maximum production, we do this twice a day, three times a week, r. Given they deal with a huge range of plant material, it is easy for uninvited organisms to sneak into your mushroom growing kit. Just some additional info i re - came across (sorry for the inaccurate information i posted before hand) Hay is likely too nutritious to use as a substrate without full sterilization. Grain spawn is sterilized grain that has been fully colonized with mushroom mycelium. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Here are some of the most common substrates that mushroom growers are currently using. This could be an easy way to increase your yield without having to move over to grain spawn and bulk substrates. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Each fruiting block contains1.4 liters of water, which weighs about3.1 lbs. If you cannot find pasteurized straw, do not panic, because sterilizing the straw is an easy process that anyone one can DIY at home (we guide you through the steps of pasteurization below). Next, you need to add your lion's mane spawn at a 5% spawn rate to wet substrate per bag, mix them together and close the top of the bag with a rubber band or a tie of some kind. Generally speaking, they prefer these types of substrate because they are cost-effective in large quantities. Thanks for the kind words! Most of the mushrooms that grow on wood chips (above) will also grow with wood pellets. Your substrate needs to have a good structure to enable air exchange. The number of days to initiation (NDTP) is the time from stimulation to primordia initiation.. If left to nature, these contaminants will outperform mycelium and take control of the substrate before mushrooms have a chance to get established in most cases. We recommend for new growers that they start with a 1:5 ratio of sawdust spawn: straw. So we need to do something to give mushrooms a bit of a head-start and ensure they colonize the substrate before other forms of mold or fungi can. Lets say that you are able to harvest2lbsof King Oyster mushrooms from a 5lb supplemented sawdust fruiting block. On the flip-side, using more spawn per bulk substrate will decrease the chances of contamination; however, your mushroom yield will also be smaller. For instance, having a higher ratio of 1:8 (1 part spawn:8 . You start by bringing the material to 212 degrees Fahrenheit for 30 minutes, then keep it at 99 degrees for 12 hours. Different strain of king oyster (Pleurotus eryngii) respond differently depending on the substrate used for cultivation, supplements and environmental factors. 1oz dry per quart of grain is 100% yield efficiency. Is that dry weight or wet weight for the substrate? If your city doesnt offer any way to recycle your substrate, you can reach out to nearby farmers. pound ( 0.2 SD) for all mushrooms, 0.8 kWh's per pound ( 0.2 SD) for white mushrooms, and 0.9 kWh's per pound ( 0.3 SD) for brown mushrooms (Figure 9). Next, break them up after they are fully colonized and mix. Most hardwood varieties of trees can work including beech, poplar, maple, oak, birch, elm and more. You can usually purchase wood pellets at your local garden center at a reasonable price. On a small scale this can be done indoors on a stovetop. Things like vermiculite and straw arent an appealing food source for farm animals or even rodents. The purpose of this is to kill both any microbial life that currently exists in the substrate, as well as any spores that may take a few days before they begin to grow. One thing to watch out for is when mixing substrates, also known as supplementing them. Mushroom yields declined with the three flushes from 2.2 kg to 0.5 kg per substrate block ( Table 1 ). Getting Started. What we love about straw is there are even some distributors that will sell pasteurized wheat straw, which can save you a tonne of waiting time and work when it comes to growing mushrooms. You can optionally add 20% straw to your mix for better air exchange and a higher speed of colonization. Be aware that coco coir will expand by five to seven times in volume when you add water, so youll end up with a lot more substrate than it initially looks like! This is because there is a wealth of knowledge out there on how to produce mushrooms from it. Hardwood sawdust could also be used by people who have mastered the PF Tek. Theres no easier way to mix substrate than simply mixing it up with your hands. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Saving .25 cents per pound of mushrooms adds up to a lot when growing 300 pounds per week - almost $4,000 per year! 50 (1) Blue Oyster Liquid Culture Syringe (10cc). Hi Tony, I have a little doubt. Nowadays many cities have a free composting program. Hardwood pellets or sawdust wouldnt normally need to be sterilized. Soak the material in a five-gallon bucket for about an hour. Whats The Difference Between Pasteurizing or Sterilizing a Substrate? If youre working with large quantities of straw, it can be easier to use a weed-whacker in a garbage bin to quickly shred the material.